amakuru

Dispersant ni ikintu gikorera hagati y’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima gifite imiterere ibiri itandukanye ya lipophilicity na hydrophilicity muri molekile.

Gutatana bivuga uruvange rukorwa no gutatana kw'ikintu kimwe (cyangwa ibintu byinshi) mu kindi kintu mu buryo bw'uduce duto.

Ibikoresho byo gukwirakwiza ibintu bishobora gukwirakwiza mu buryo bumwe uduce tw’ibinyabutabire n’utw’amazi tw’ibinyabutabire bitoroshye gushonga mu bintu bito, ndetse bikarinda ko uduce duto duhinduka kandi tugashonga, bigatuma habaho ibintu bitanga ubuziranenge buhagije kugira ngo ibintu bikomeze guhagarara neza. Ubushakashatsi n’Iterambere rya Houhuan mu bya shimi no gukora ibintu bikomoka ku mazi n’ibikomoka kuri peteroli mu nganda zitandukanye, mu byiciro bifitanye isano na surfactant.

Sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza igabanyijemo: umuti, colloid na suspension (emulsion). Ku gisubizo, solute ni icyuma gikwirakwiza amazi naho solvent ikaba icyuma gikwirakwiza amazi. Urugero, muri NaCl, icyuma gikwirakwiza amazi ni NaCl, naho icyuma gikwirakwiza amazi ni amazi. Igisubizo kivuga ku bintu bitatanye mu duce duto two muri sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza amazi. Ikindi kintu cyitwa icyuma gikwirakwiza amazi.

Imirimo yo gukoresha imashini igabanya ibara mu nganda ni iyi ikurikira:

1. Koresha imashini igabanya ubushyuhe kugira ngo ugabanye igihe n'ingufu bikenewe kugira ngo urangize igikorwa cyo gukwirakwiza, uhamye ikwirakwizwa ry'amabara atandukanye, utera inkunga PP, uhindure imiterere y'ubuso bw'uduce tw'amabara atandukanye, kandi uhindure uburyo uduce tw'amabara dushobora kugenda.

2. Gabanya imbaraga hagati y’amazi n’amazi akomeye. Ibikoresho byo gukwirakwiza ibintu nabyo ni surfactants. Ibikoresho byo gukwirakwiza ibintu ni anionic, cationic, non-ionic, amphoteric na polymeric. Muri byo, ubwoko bwa anionic ni bwo bukoreshwa cyane.

3. Gukwirakwiza ibikoresho bikomeye cyangwa ibikomoka ku mazi bishobora gutuma ibintu bikomeye cyangwa ibikomoka ku mazi bidashobora gukwirakwira.